Populismos, pandemias punitivas y terrorismos: La enfermedad como castigo y rebelión: de los movimientos sociales a las violencias criminales

Abstract

Fanatics are no longer in the temples, but among the crowds that follow a political leader; in personalistic and charismatic governments, in soccer stadiums, in bars, in shopping malls, in front of a video game console, continuously connected to the internet, in cyberbullying, in schools, in the binary formulas of the war of the sexes, on the alleged existence of only two political sides. If in other centuries of the modern era, society, crime and the State were differentiated worlds, since the beginning of the 21st century the thin line between a social movement and a group of hatred or shock is increasingly blurred if it is not approached from semiotic science and what we have called “the criminal message”.